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CYD, ¿Para qué sirven los ranking universitarios?

by Lucio Villalba
Ranking Universidades

Ranking Universidades

CYD, ¿Para qué sirven los ranking universitarios?

De la referencia a la toma de decisión: ¿Para qué sirven los ranking universitarios?

28/04/2021
Para qué sirven los rankings universitarios

Existe una vasta literatura que analiza los rankings universitarios. Mucho, y acertadamente, se ha escrito criticándolos y analizando qué, cómo o para qué miden lo que miden. Por ahora no hay un ranking que sea perfecto y que se elabore con una metodología que escape a la crítica o esté exenta de limitaciones. Como si se tratara de una sentencia jurídica, un ranking universitario es un “fallo” en forma de ordenación de universidades. Por supuesto, para que tenga interés, debe aportar utilidad y estar elaborado con una metodología mínimamente rigurosa. 

Teodoro Luque Martínez, Universidad de Granada

Esta colaboración fue publicada en el Informe CYD 2019. Capítulo 4, páginas 304-307. Puedes descargar el artículo completo en este enlace.

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El Ranking Universitario por Desempeño Académico [1] ( URAP ) es un ranking universitario desarrollado por el Instituto de Informática  de la Universidad Técnica de Oriente Medio .

University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP), este ranking tiene como objetivo clasificar las Instituciones de Educación Superior de acuerdo con una serie de indicadores vinculados a aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de su producción científica.

No University Country Article Citation Total Document AIT CIT Collaboration Total
1 Harvard University United States of America 126 126 60 108 90 90 600
2 University of Toronto Canada 124.21 122.9 59 105.13 83.79 89 584.03
3 Stanford University United States of America 118.03 125 55.65 107 89 81.89 576.57
4 University College London United Kingdom 120.4 121.29 57.37 104.68 83.87 88.87 576.49
5 University of Oxford United Kingdom 117.88 121.7 55.98 104.91 85.24 88.5 574.21
6 Johns Hopkins University United States of America 118.49 121.5 56.58 103.43 83.93 81.53 565.45
7 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 113.16 119.26 53.66 102.77 84.14 86.29 559.28
8 University of Michigan United States of America 119.32 118.82 55.89 102.08 81.21 79.2 556.51
9 Universite Paris Saclay France 114.52 116.99 54.03 100.43 79.82 86.8 552.59
10 University of Washington Seattle United States of America 114.06 119.49 54 102.1 83.5 78.33 551.49
11 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States of America 106.18 120.4 50.5 103.02 88.71 79.19 547.99
12 Tsinghua University China 120.64 116.12 53.39 100.49 79.09 77.22 546.95
13 Imperial College London United Kingdom 110.08 116.85 52.96 98.97 81.49 84.46 544.83
14 Sorbonne Universite France 112.19 115.39 53.44 98.5 78.61 86.21 544.34
15 University of Pennsylvania United States of America 113.6 117.15 54.62 99.94 81.57 74.89 541.78
16 University of California Los Angeles United States of America 111.98 116.42 53.85 99.69 80.87 78.36 541.16
17 Columbia University United States of America 110.68 116.54 53.03 100.07 82.19 78.08 540.59
18 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China 125 112.99 54.29 97.13 73.76 76.26 539.44
19 University of Copenhagen Denmark 110.43 114.37 51.54 97.15 78.88 83.59 535.95
20 Zhejiang University China 123.76 112.19 53.28 96.8 73.94 75.79 535.76
21 Peking University China 118.16 112.85 52.19 96.38 75.63 76.19 531.41
22 University of California Berkeley United States of America 103.62 116.16 50.11 100.27 83.61 77.48 531.25
23 Universite de Paris France 107.62 113.91 52.3 96.09 78.32 82.1 530.34
24 University of Sydney Australia 111.01 112.12 53.07 95.84 76.66 80.61 529.31
25 University of Melbourne Australia 111.7 111.18 51.93 95.32 75.98 80.5 526.61
26 University of California San Diego United States of America 107.54 113.99 51.53 97.22 80.12 76.03 526.43
27 Yale University United States of America 105.96 113.66 51.46 96.97 80.08 74.34 522.47
28 Cornell University United States of America 106.95 112.43 51.28 95.68 78.66 74.63 519.63
29 University of British Columbia Canada 108.14 109.56 51.26 94.37 75.18 80.72 519.22
30 University of California San Francisco United States of America 104.57 113.85 50.95 96.09 80.97 72.15 518.58
31 University of Tokyo Japan 112.77 109.94 52.15 93.11 72.15 76.65 516.75
32 National University of Singapore Singapore 105.46 109.49 49.67 94.16 75.85 81.54 516.17
33 Universidade de Sao Paulo Brazil 115.56 106.52 53.81 91.24 68.43 80.04 515.6
34 Duke University United States of America 105.95 111.71 51.18 94.7 77.36 72.89 513.79
35 University of Queensland Australia 106.96 108.89 50.03 93.47 74.36 79.34 513.05
36 University of Chicago United States of America 102.1 112.29 49.53 95.29 79.52 73.37 512.09
37 Monash University Australia 107.76 107.82 50.29 92.26 73.59 78.72 510.44
38 KU Leuven Belgium 103.05 107.84 49.58 92.2 74.11 80.86 507.65
39 Ohio State University United States of America 107.04 108.74 51.26 93.03 74.59 72.33 506.98
40 University of Amsterdam Netherlands 105.74 107.73 49.09 91.98 74.36 77.88 506.77
41 ETH Zurich Switzerland 100.81 108.69 46.82 93.54 76.86 79.44 506.16
42 University of New South Wales Sydney Australia 106.22 106.82 49.61 92.14 73.25 78.11 506.15
43 University of Pittsburgh United States of America 104.12 110.33 51.16 92.96 76.1 70.79 505.47
44 University of Minnesota Twin Cities United States of America 106.72 108.15 50.78 93.12 74.04 72.64 505.45
45 Utrecht University Netherlands 103.47 107.35 48.33 92.46 74.81 77.9 504.31
46 Northwestern University United States of America 102.86 110.95 49.66 93.55 77.37 69.4 503.79
47 McGill University Canada 103.25 107.48 49.52 91.71 73.91 77.74 503.61
48 Sun Yat Sen University China 116.4 106.28 49.51 90.27 69.86 69.53 501.85
49 Huazhong University of Science & Technology China 113.63 106.43 48.98 92.47 72.04 68 501.55
50 Karolinska Institutet Sweden 101.8 107.95 47.8 90.31 74.4 79.17 501.44
51 Seoul National University (SNU) South Korea 110.65 107.51 51.02 90.47 70.17 70.4 500.23
52 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill United States of America 103.17 108.93 49.64 92.95 75.8 69.6 500.09
53 University of Manchester United Kingdom 101.73 106.75 49.4 91.09 73.45 77.31 499.73
54 Fudan University China 112.35 107.2 48.91 90.31 70.95 69.52 499.25
55 University of Edinburgh Scotland 99.4 107.16 47.92 91.97 76.51 76.01 498.97
56 University of Wisconsin Madison United States of America 103.79 107.35 49.71 92.93 74.53 70.56 498.88
57 Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg Germany 98.5 108.72 47.81 91.31 76.48 75.53 498.36
58 Nanyang Technological University Singapore 98.59 106.53 46.37 91.6 75.32 77.4 495.81
59 King’s College London United Kingdom 99.04 105.76 49.35 91.16 74.85 75.62 495.78
60 University of Barcelona Spain 99.38 106.36 47.94 89.75 73.78 76.26 493.48
61 Pennsylvania State University United States of America 104.22 104.84 49.18 91.07 72.05 72 493.36
62 University of Munich Germany 98.67 106.46 47.68 89.95 74.25 75.57 492.57
63 University of Science & Technology of China China 109.79 106.22 46.38 89.88 71.96 67.04 491.27
64 University of California Davis United States of America 102.99 104.5 48.4 90.37 72.11 72.59 490.97
65 University of Florida United States of America 105.63 102.15 50.12 88.26 68.32 72.98 487.46
66 Ghent University Belgium 100.35 102.61 47.66 88.61 69.92 77.74 486.9
67 New York University United States of America 97.94 105.11 48.65 90.55 74.14 68.74 485.14
68 Central South University China 112.58 102.84 46.73 88.75 69.62 64.24 484.75
69 Washington University (WUSTL) United States of America 96.5 107.62 47.44 90.12 76.47 65.28 483.44
70 Xi’an Jiaotong University China 111.01 101.88 47.94 88.08 67.86 66.41 483.17
71 Aarhus University Denmark 98.25 102.94 46.2 87.89 70.79 76.15 482.22
72 University of Groningen Netherlands 97.2 103.78 45.99 88.29 72.34 74.38 481.98
73 Nanjing University China 103.88 104.94 45.88 88.94 71.1 66.79 481.53
74 Harbin Institute of Technology China 109.02 102.36 47.59 88.68 68.56 64.84 481.06
75 Technical University of Munich Germany 97.51 103.07 47.05 87.8 71.49 73.89 480.81
76 Free University of Berlin Germany 98 103.12 47.79 86.57 70.35 73.72 479.55
77 University of Alberta Canada 99.93 101.49 47.63 86.73 68.65 74.48 478.9
78 Humboldt University of Berlin Germany 96.58 102.97 47.48 86.92 70.83 73.12 477.9
79 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands 96.12 102.25 46.14 87.85 71.26 73.71 477.34
80 Emory University United States of America 95.73 105.55 47.66 88.54 74.11 65.2 476.78
81 University of Texas Austin United States of America 97.23 102.54 46.56 89.33 72.42 68.39 476.47
82 University of Helsinki Finland 95.56 102.51 45.13 86.83 71.37 74.59 475.98
83 Kyoto University Japan 101.61 102.96 47.97 86.38 67.44 69.48 475.84
84 University of Zurich Switzerland 92.53 102.83 45.04 87.65 72.18 75.19 475.42
85 Wuhan University China 106.48 101.57 45.69 87.94 69.05 63.86 474.59
86 Sichuan University China 110.26 100.75 47.83 86.36 66.34 62.76 474.31
87 University of Oslo Norway 95.73 101.88 45.58 86.15 70.37 74.31 474.02
88 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States of America 96.86 101.96 46.66 88.12 71.04 69.25 473.88
89 Sapienza University Rome Italy 97.15 101.21 48.15 86.45 69.3 71.59 473.85
90 Leiden University Netherlands 94.84 102.36 45.27 86.18 71.61 73.36 473.62
91 University of Southern California United States of America 94.73 103.36 46.97 88.5 72.96 66.95 473.47
92 University of Padua Italy 95.27 101.56 46.31 85.89 70.36 72.61 472
93 Lund University Sweden 94.46 101.6 45.06 85.87 69.96 74.27 471.22
94 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 92.7 102.8 45.2 86.62 72.49 71.26 471.07
95 University of Maryland College Park United States of America 93.82 102.07 44.91 88.66 72.62 68.92 471
96 Shandong University China 107.15 99.65 47.34 85.67 65.65 63.51 468.96
97 Vanderbilt University United States of America 94.46 104.08 46.52 87.12 72.75 63.7 468.64
98 Aix-Marseille Universite France 92.41 101.28 45.59 85.59 69.72 73.07 467.67
99 Texas A&M University College Station United States of America 99.34 98.74 46.77 85.13 66.53 70.65 467.16
100 Uppsala University Sweden 93.3 101.67 44.33 84.63 69.58 73.63 467.15
No University Country Article Citation Total Document AIT CIT Collaboration Total
101 Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands 92.55 101.15 44.44 85.56 71.53 71.82 467.05
102 California Institute of Technology United States of America 86.39 103.99 41.32 88.17 76.51 68.81 465.19
103 King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia 83.86 102.69 40.83 87.72 75.46 74.6 465.17
104 University of Montreal Canada 94.31 99.74 46.07 84.64 68.33 71.62 464.71
105 Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA) France 92.65 99.64 44.81 84.33 68.29 73.43 463.15
106 Jilin University China 106.61 99.18 46.47 84.44 65.2 60.65 462.56
107 University of Birmingham United Kingdom 90.62 99.98 45.61 84.91 70.87 70 461.99
108 Universite de Montpellier France 95.78 98.17 44.42 82.91 66.88 73.27 461.44
109 Tianjin University China 104.9 98.83 44.51 84.85 66.28 61.8 461.18
110 University of Southampton United Kingdom 88.94 99.86 44.36 85.46 70.6 71.72 460.94
111 University of Western Australia Australia 92.05 99.53 44.17 84.22 68.48 72.08 460.54
112 University of Bristol United Kingdom 90.56 99.8 44.27 84.73 70.1 70.09 459.56
113 Tongji University China 102.46 97.67 44.98 84.11 65.63 64.5 459.34
114 South China University of Technology China 100.86 100.15 43.16 86.04 69.55 58.55 458.31
115 Southeast University – China China 102.36 96.81 44.95 85.1 66.31 62.08 457.61
116 University of Bologna Italy 91.69 98.78 45.37 83.55 68.72 69.41 457.51
117 Boston University United States of America 91.11 100.05 44.94 85.42 70.34 64.94 456.81
118 Rutgers State University New Brunswick United States of America 93.99 97.96 46.33 83.86 67.24 66.64 456.02
119 Georgia Institute of Technology United States of America 89.69 99.06 43.38 85.24 71.28 66.69 455.33
120 University of Arizona United States of America 91.84 98.66 45.06 84.53 68.72 66.48 455.29
121 University of Milan Italy 93.25 98.15 45.47 82.35 66.86 69.08 455.15
122 University of Utah United States of America 93.63 99.76 45.43 83.87 68.88 63.05 454.63
123 Princeton University United States of America 85.52 100.75 41.61 86.32 73.94 65.68 453.81
124 Purdue University United States of America 94.93 96.35 45.21 83.53 65.87 66.26 452.16
125 University of Calgary Canada 91.75 97.38 44.52 82.2 67.36 68.68 451.91
126 National Taiwan University Taiwan 94.18 98.48 45.25 82.15 65.34 65.76 451.17
127 Michigan State University United States of America 94.24 96.19 44.83 83.75 65.91 66.12 451.04
128 Tel Aviv University Israel 92.24 97.07 44.74 81.88 65.79 68.76 450.49
129 University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 90.97 98.23 43.45 83.49 68.03 65.73 449.9
130 University of Geneva Switzerland 85.89 98.46 42.41 82.16 69.74 71.23 449.89
131 University of Colorado Boulder United States of America 87.83 98.74 42.69 84.77 70.21 64.83 449.08
132 University of Bern Switzerland 88.89 96.8 43.19 81.06 66.91 71.8 448.65
133 McMaster University Canada 86.72 98.41 43.72 82.64 70.18 66.95 448.62
134 Universidade de Lisboa Portugal 92.04 94.39 45.77 80.94 63.18 72.06 448.38
135 Australian National University Australia 86.65 97.02 42.43 83.57 69.24 69.37 448.29
136 University of California Irvine United States of America 88.95 98.04 43.59 83.07 69.35 64.16 447.16
137 Yonsei University South Korea 97.95 96.99 45.5 80.97 62.87 62.15 446.43
138 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Switzerland 82.66 98.55 40.73 82.92 71.21 69.62 445.69
139 Suzhou University China 94.68 98.41 42.11 82.48 68.11 59.48 445.27
140 University of Nottingham United Kingdom 88.67 95.85 44.23 81.37 66.36 68.7 445.17
141 Autonomous University of Barcelona Spain 90.63 95.21 43.31 80.88 64.84 70.23 445.11
142 University of Hamburg Germany 89.24 95.79 43.96 80.54 65.35 69.33 444.21
143 University of Adelaide Australia 85.23 97.53 42.05 82.56 68.93 67.03 443.34
144 University of Ottawa Canada 88.45 96.54 44.03 81.08 66.72 66.29 443.11
145 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) South Korea 92.74 97.69 44.09 81.36 65.3 60.67 441.85
146 Korea University South Korea 96.38 95.66 44.18 80.66 63.02 61.65 441.55
147 University of Leeds United Kingdom 89.18 94.02 43.83 80.55 65.04 68.84 441.45
148 University of Glasgow Scotland 84.84 96.03 43.12 81.1 68.25 67.68 441.02
149 Beihang University China 97.04 93.65 44.28 81.44 63.41 60.28 440.1
150 Charite Medical University of Berlin Germany 85.71 97.03 43.42 80.01 67.55 66.19 439.91
151 Technical University of Denmark Denmark 85.08 95.73 40.58 81.47 67.57 69.03 439.46
152 University of Liverpool United Kingdom 86.7 94.65 42.58 79.54 65.74 68.86 438.07
153 University of Sheffield United Kingdom 86.63 94.06 43.39 80.73 65.58 66.74 437.13
154 Tohoku University Japan 92.4 94.05 44.41 79.16 60.73 65.58 436.33
155 Dalian University of Technology China 96.79 93.29 41.92 80.77 63.53 58.92 435.21
156 Technische Universitat Dresden Germany 85.75 95.13 42.65 79.36 65.79 66.52 435.2
157 University of Basel Switzerland 82.11 95.72 41.3 79.66 67.56 68.7 435.04
158 Arizona State University United States of America 88.22 92.96 43.19 81.97 64.92 63.12 434.38
159 University of Gothenburg Sweden 86.44 94.37 40.68 79.39 65.82 67.46 434.17
160 Wageningen University & Research Netherlands 81.67 95.13 38.36 81.76 68.79 68.06 433.77
161 University of Virginia United States of America 85.86 95.88 43.14 80.59 67.25 60.51 433.22
162 Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen Germany 83.83 94.23 42.04 79.82 65.82 67.37 433.12
163 King Saud University Saudi Arabia 87.12 91.48 41.29 78.48 61.96 72.71 433.03
164 Indiana University Bloomington United States of America 87.96 93.71 44.08 80.06 64.3 61.38 431.48
165 Osaka University Japan 92.42 93.29 45.03 77.83 59.81 63.07 431.45
166 University of Electronic Science & Technology of China China 93.77 90.62 42.61 80.89 63.64 59.88 431.41
167 University of Naples Federico II Italy 89.42 92.13 43.74 78.25 62.52 65.08 431.15
168 Case Western Reserve University United States of America 83.01 97.16 42.71 80.07 67.92 59.23 430.11
169 University of Erlangen Nuremberg Germany 83.21 93.79 41.98 78.69 64.98 66.07 428.71
170 Brown University United States of America 84.34 94.96 42.24 80.45 66.78 58.74 427.51
171 Cardiff University Wales 82.25 93.15 41.31 78.96 66.53 65.32 427.51
172 Universidade do Porto Portugal 85.66 92.04 42.38 77.71 62.9 66.72 427.42
173 RWTH Aachen University Germany 85.93 92.66 42.29 77.25 63.37 65.55 427.06
174 Xiamen University China 91.21 92.64 40.22 78.56 63.06 60.37 426.05
175 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 89.64 92.01 39.7 80.37 64.73 59.48 425.94
176 Newcastle University – UK United Kingdom 82.81 92.36 41.86 78.22 64.75 65.42 425.43
177 University of Warwick United Kingdom 82.59 92.04 41.21 78.17 65.13 65.73 424.87
178 University of Bonn Germany 79.14 93.86 40.32 78.92 66.97 65.62 424.83
179 University of Alabama Birmingham United States of America 82.98 96.14 42.94 78.83 66.77 56.76 424.42
180 Queen Mary University London United Kingdom 80.21 93.08 41.46 77.89 66.44 65.28 424.37
181 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico 92.65 87.99 43.77 75.29 56.43 68.16 424.29
182 Delft University of Technology Netherlands 84.94 89.86 40.82 77.84 62.43 67.51 423.4
183 Maastricht University Netherlands 83.23 91.4 41.33 76.89 62.88 67.4 423.13
184 Chongqing University China 95.27 91.08 40.31 77.78 61.71 56.77 422.92
185 University of Turin Italy 82.92 92.23 41.73 77.44 64.17 64.26 422.74
186 Western University (University of Western Ontario) Canada 84.99 91.32 42.07 77.24 62.35 64.49 422.46
187 Northwestern Polytechnical University China 95.73 89.63 40.92 78.13 61.04 56.53 421.99
188 Universite Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier France 81.17 92.48 39.19 77.56 64.19 66.97 421.56
189 Stockholm University Sweden 80.67 92.25 38.27 77.43 65.51 67.12 421.25
190 North Carolina State University United States of America 86.68 90.82 41.59 78.38 62.44 61.29 421.2
191 Charles University Prague Czech Republic 86.06 89.61 43.2 74.9 59.27 67.41 420.44
192 University of Waterloo Canada 85.22 89.54 40.34 77.44 61.95 65.48 419.98
193 Hunan University China 88.26 92.99 37.42 79.26 66.61 54.79 419.32
194 University of Gottingen Germany 79.92 91.51 39.33 78.19 65.75 64.56 419.27
195 University of Auckland New Zealand 83.54 89.83 41.08 76.56 61.66 66.28 418.94
196 University of Freiburg Germany 81.05 91.03 41.04 76.92 63.36 65.12 418.52
197 City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 84.15 91.81 38.02 79.74 66.14 58.19 418.06
198 University of Iowa United States of America 84.08 91.48 42.85 78.05 63.24 58.2 417.9
199 Universite de Bordeaux France 81.56 90.97 39.7 76.83 62.84 65.86 417.76
200 University of Cologne Germany 81.04 91.36 40.37 76.34 63.43 64.81 417.35

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